ࡱ> n@5")cPNG  IHDRabwLM?PLTEV7z:}?DLRYaktzƄόҗդ۳-Af4tRNSKW"ewIDATxݚ s<nĈ o@Ym$'9'W\g [I('ℐ8O(D33JȪNeTPS%s 995f1zb)Z"'aFXҁ/ 88ᕑ DmWRw/`Y x ķsr)3}__|[A%UuDL0DQ1V/pB~^.Wޙ&q7}dٳ!AD:Jpmdou p/',*˫Mf#8/xAXooKYwүM%l+Z緮cM''LތQ=-^/L=qAWr #3aW=Fz֋/T i#AvqU++mMZS"3a؎pRX/]UD՞7RJqVMc qަOc&m$N=%>tbK Hi hN$$,$ Z\|zJMB+U<VqɟŽh$:d/qh2&A~hw^VLf{C}7mqh6,iؒ 33.73ʓ/K/Acf:Rm>Y;Z|"rv@F |@{tPR7ѽE'lC@v33ٿo&HX!ꗽ҆iJ͋VB)wUXFM਴A2Z1gGP/qP-t#`9κiHK7R`H$6vkvՇJr3FBjjחru,KھTܐNkq TRlѠ]n5f"@K wCl>9yh6%Yj3.N`}Iqoj?iiGŧ{+V`VD/ ׅ+JbW/K7Fr}#]iWnOT2Rb/ ־B:KME:ئl,PbI x3q FLNx2#KhOI큵&vEʡ{Wpww V}Vo}5[ UVB aJoR~}m%K!D!("sSEY]_FP)w v6Jo$OGz3PP#+r@T I՚VI;~%HEo}BQ\N**}Җu xhIENDB`n屮SY' VPNG  IHDRAOFӵsRGB@}0PLTE<~yfa-yuKpka]W pHYs.>=IDATHcxGgU1UUAMw{f`H(|3bTRM~Щ*FU+)e#IENDB``!ޢM8Qa" X`O;o@Sjx}tSg4-0RҦ}6MIM_n {lCcoMelj+"S6|Yc73E[Q'$ /9>ynsϽ%C`Xl(+15g +y`,)1kYI"gg\}?-1.7@u<{;JJ \ON3gf쬟gɩDpgV J} &`OC-\]ƮgwgKO<^Jeklnl{b :v'adX"!v1>XG[;ĶMvU,Q.ee'9Xfv.;cef2keV=o VQ.ak+3|`*`fCUi<^ҨԲL-FZ[VY,KÖG-CU-=mYn]P}Ö;ZW'=գJq:)* jhun!+ϺR䭛R-Aqp- Ilih˥sP vK F)/HI)bL}RbIyPıOŠ0B؁qYEIF20DqRH|"hrUT3iqLΊM#kS4.Iy=+T"}Voe#~kSv&GjtCÈń#wXw{sRs/ pm_J[\l[\lws׽S]kH55͝5tMUԤO kr'%=S \_D߮cx6/ J2E-V*Yq{::>[|Oz./Kʿ3KIsORwRǝr~eVhG>|^׸>Vo8Py<3)AϨ'EA1/b5x5ܛ7x=/s^_ެ6АiCnȊy~e3WFv'}qxۗdOIwaȟ_Ia 9ЕֱGi$k #k3xXzx/j`]4ux8hi2F#aE_ e ~(/4%bMq)yBSlLӠ46е)8osYy a~τhgX^ x/ [2hkIgZ4ZǶϷ;ù">bk# P$^dp"CPH UM*Y-95AQ@hUTQ[Fq0h*n8RC1mMeGZuYVVrvc[P[϶inҘr L*6@r1>%=v#ִ^v~Юcgs(CEOG^s꘠}&z#+F;v[3N ݙpr8wePǴ4@=]qì"У(eIS1Ƚq4*ցn@ŭ&Jw;炙dzto)`H`!п14w" X`O;o@SxyPuwDvq}]9cQ LSVӉ<˫5xWcZՁWbZ^waZJY wQzoנ4SYkf0cMnҋnh0hh6Dhc\$f+iՠ{1S:PI3wR=7`pWvs?WpDmѦ!4[WWk؀}80%t`LƏk9X8ZJ\/a=<^= LRleT$=0+'PJ/b 7d,f%TEC%16N:̍8c1g$0Ÿ{Yȋhs,cBg;K%62>1Rs2|ےn-Kmf8md-.:7Y[*vIJ'0 y؆c Sc%n1yX]IZ)8 ؇ׂZe_2e*u#1+eiI-}pV ,!\F%,eX862a7n# X .Z0I،b DSs0 ׈_/tgx(pu(uX5~uQ핤f"p Wa젤-zc4"qa(iLdc6.Q& 03GQ CG%:Ҡ0kQ3PUe 9`!;kO_{(~z@ 0 xcdd`` @c112BYL%bpuGYpIyDQ7yPMi>dQ `PI)$5NE.!E=̘pnpP#"8PNG  IHDR8hsRGB pHYsttfxPLTE 444,,,<<<$$$000((( 888LLL@@@HHHUUUYYY]]]DDDeeeyyymmmaaa}}}uuuiiidUeIDATx[S7fg]08 q_S{Z=CU4VHb"20d C20d C20d C20d C20d C20d lCwACkD7d0'@@f!&  `$&d7bV ž šB!D@" @ B!B D@* 8 B!PA+oAb",.@ ;Nt` 'Ñ|8AtX p<=DRX nEs8 w܁9H&e`y*-D~2=C!# 9 A"(d5 3p : nnQĿzlA+HʦUA+1|  W% UHg͠:̖Ad 2oE!"I3\2\ 8W{ߕĹl s!X F %ŭR8W| Hk9(ry=GvJ@ ~Wyog(/ߛ=]  `>86J 񐡲Bw׏IA\2cSe PTYߗ:(|p0f'\aB5sJ K֧JH}    r"(v <^o^ah }j:a*}0g/s/uvK"@V }ADa#d(d3̀a/ۡ 2F  MS WahxX1,Fwi;d8xj'Č>=.:Qn24a;;   K2(T{`İ!CG7̑A (wbP, YYϡ$a5fpyu %`ȠnMGQOoK{>%C!_rPMC>aJ}K2LH-1E"Ue,4ΌndO&/ o9_&d}J*]aJ.6T_ 2/SkB9~dF?A;ϮpU~)"C 4){5K2heQȠ2 D!F+bH` v` Ȁ0Rԑ  /d(i1C"CynȀ0ߝ2X _ɀ02 )@ )34ӍO[t4 ȀБA!>?}1x<l)Edpxj>C;Ú"2 a. dB=98$ !T*^.Cd!Cr!9c1DtH9$ PB#85Cz`АC $:+4fp Q}Z38h1')C tDkKxS!`!OC  L h ` ̆€ a9vcۑ#1IBax m%@ Jg % Pn ( Awt^J-!GLj<2p6 aB20d C20d C20d C20d C20d C20d C20d C20d C5TVԃIENDB`nU@5 PNG  IHDR!+NPLTEͪbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712Om IDATx[';x{vw ϮOX7k*E Wfw*cI委$&6J1bc 6@l 1bc 6@l 1bc 6@l 1bcm?^~1bc 6@l 1bc 6@loE:[M[s@$@[3h? ۚxA" n MZ( 6@l 1bcMX_r1BPf?6sT矋m\OV0Aw<֫0\Y`Tv_gE`2"ȶ'pP ;է>XU^ ȶSE^[i:Ee^t6flț_eJ V,|,{-Fwf, )>Mp`Z-к`V ˟ wLx2 3.k6p͉|CԿ./s9B]܄2W{Mm|K1bch6@l$s֤'OQb-^oK)|}uS;i_x 3YUd3 "N#s`nti_` ' nץXjn;Xpu{Fprfm%:5]T˧m{ N `Qڜ>/WOagpR|ݵ {BpJdWMgN ԔZ:;9CcE/|`cx.=e@8p` t# @,hPZ>:7Z{xnk }K tGT/5ɀW1}{M52t|1h ;dTTϩd^Nd5"3aydg&=kURAׂ2Ñd31[١Z+Ap`K)n`jC% j,G"@Q;ffG}Pgg6@zբ:}(B\{vmg WQ@}n|/mS ;bױv:jnRnծ3D``&Z"r"A@ @:b[d*ZV`c^Ԣ3 PS(V@G@U!lFp,C58ޫ6G HVFdB @}Wǯ-F}Kt8+ -P{Q:`<p838BdѩDpg !3 A]Nu!O1^R"8b1+u(: ZRP/G 3;벬1K5z7X'M`_<ǿ/Foag7[潖4^eגӂF 8I |smQ4o?>+ub{K @ȷ2\ ?X` 0h5x\Hhz}@N&I]5wq߁u,6{"`w(8;lV2 xU -HS0.[i'IO?VQe-D@}`4WIXP?NR^ njT~?棔;~5{o '@X.nGakKī UC8PXy ]@Nn(z]BV 0b ]u+Mq:R_)_啧ب=f`jW63eFD|2=: .NG hSi+=Vh ?@~U +Ȥ0R.Auc܀!nn &v izKS--*|M[Ѝn i@xZVlZf@Po50>B MG`VԿGw<Bl ym[c0[%&vb@ŕ}0t#0 h05\aM8ʨW퍐 ˟χbZWvq&{WYYArVXwYFYLH^Hj*ɄoЬe:©PyOjEY z&UoޫSWu< Xﵰ{TXJ@:zQBG9/PF(R"hb`fb }qʙVY^Ku< {A3`ĺ>t7: `'M Ӿ8a弣L{0kSqR(Ag<ڒtHtЗ">=)Fa+y_eR ViQѽ[1B'\n02Օ. eĺ X2b]@u.  jPPZzŽPm|1inN,02@Kb)ke4%7:EB@d[quq ꆿjinaM<@VM_Wد @]vN@˘{sCw_=.]'ˀePXQ;Ey,3@m[ ~WNx| WY.0<>ou߾CSqR !dc.y-?C2xtRaDz= !fhv~B)}b.vމy@#qT!u~D) }D)Ԡ-ӭE23|Cz(cf`xJ+C9piDEa+S +M.O7mn,z{UT7\ rP&Qz^W~'tob¦f6l)Fe `6@2 Vf X+3be@2 Vf XT#9njʭ90<$[怼{Ypp3?п?&b(~d>LfQ&s' FGNR@ f@f.7xte7Y>. wJq$ڨ,ZtVx* NĚh%IgJrv/wb): "Qvщ'-ArDj 8rMXB,CqJYrB1 ݴT(M JrawӦi:-fUv9_0rl'PjSbnePtJhwzO B ,HR9ˢ] ǔIX|7MD@j\b*K"zxN/S:H%O$TLmTVP͵z9O XRO~Shދj[/K:`sz `qKwk&{>ht1|Sͪ_,SvA͓,tk0qkw lti}=e<-B[e;Qy4-]g)iӛ7v)=7ey3#:2[e =]|!s )ZwvLe틯lTb\u\Ce`@H+#,K"(2`XH+@H+@H+@H+@H+ia`sTP]Y>>8} 캘g@͹T*JEKguo]n%0 Y0HN Swp}A]׳I =Gn ѝqA=T_0'I߀FPQF 0wVaFGi7tK̍i6v\0o !p1=ޑa)@ytDoe-/`QH{Bf=\y`XCb7߱QYIlՏ  V$ zA1RPdF* Nx+^)fik ϣ ie$n?-eC1"57mq @ueo ޲P:z ް`3BgeM5iF . 5Y!ߴIV)d iBcWZM@4˛͏.@|X6m~uVъS4ZW- ? @͛i$AiD )RYOuQ/JCjWӒuoK^rAH@a ?٫f:O}( Av\sI>%A抹l~u ,3ya=O(8+Z-ޠl@~deGZۃrGSOЅ?*U2cU?B\^CBSfLW 'GO /05+4?ҺTO&U.x Ot ]#> Wkjc+~ڔ$ v2voHYH%A$ht W(τA:6b'Śpchi=_ [Ɔ!D*5< CN RoC]4?N k`WGHvSS*7-z9U_H;'%t^@ýWN gf$|yGڙ+utv:}u# w:=M^Uu;\q]6?`uVy ^({}7 N }Wpj|Bo {͏o{rAH.׾NI@:/Hy#{݋Ip?L_`Z_ B1} SA7 ~; p"pjKu*Fpk7qquu"-u.=.hʷy,>(0 @"`EԛpsdH4Arun0,Db]kQjDt,ac[%Tt{d{Gu$W_KPn+^KB(VeEן.:k>$/!7_|bbi|.fg fns x T+@N6Ob0A,+@̓'b j?&^gP֗#w\żT[nI4B.=6{hX5C7pد07C޹([oiF7q<ڭZ? ~ɫ [Ku"u5=ݷN 6@l 1bc 6@l 1bc 6@l rCԒOIENDB`nD((FSTPNG  IHDRM?B pHYs  ZfPLTE  )))111:::BBBJJJRRRZZZbbbjjjrrrzzzš& tRNS\\C IDATx흍zҭL'`ӝN Ϲ<تZk$=f>tHl/URImۉvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwun:Wj)@ڷo~˟zΟ:\ڤ/ujR*g:WjN:,6YM_uRuWv&t2;WiRu;S;Ž?dy,UGwrpV'?wN6mƩ,uھBsf~ςЕߩ,3=3Ϸ$пղ-hhښvzpo!x_[c#t+kY몯95L_zLm,֝}Y=Ͼ`/_<ɯy>ɞ;|RoP~d,߾YcAsx:f>k˖zCq<lyh5mwv`gY99e k˖`fR<̐( 9wj PؙwǞKX%\Ӳ$ZA|SNdǔ_L*;;n4a'<@O~M*A,ؙ~?~ 2;kl%;U ^'!z%zٲ` eݪb'gL0aԫpʠI}ASW'[I|܌)b!jzM1?qc{2<hipk:KS#SE2 !#ƥgyZBne~<'NCm{NZ55Ѥˌ#s:3#Y c`pga# Gd`x;1Ίyfae vƎSMv۶: N<>^( 4-ٙ/qUsOjvJv;9+|Wʧtά̮ 'v?A[4YΣȰگpGÃ*"( X6s"fwZHR;f}<"W76 &F뙣E,uTvInzkm}~~~?mz8gk1<8nhd%S7 qDCmpez]I5 3} 7gAYIBҪ)3R\0}Cv,t tNγq3}9(TfvL efG ȍ"Y;;>أfglvᔝLvri԰m 'gR5zq6YAgtx\.o;C,[dgGS3KT37Zlla12YXoӰl|n)؁l;S`i#yS3S[i쀜Ȏ7Cx`IѲ QuE ;4-HDɖmv;`G-ۦgQAw!B~Ǧf14 s6DKlCeg5RCkXyȩ8Wg,18awhT1ͲZt89H`׻ͩSVSr~٤Gxn^ZORBO?k3E.Oɦߘ5u 9#+I)3g^`5e.1=ǥʎ 9>*uZ,#7Η=Y@/"yDf͚ tQAٙ2skmٲo@gigv2vVXWth+s.ྻ`LOsIJ @8߿g]gІ輘o@gcU qr s5WOtjY4-q2;rɯNIkB%4gǞc)x4309,Η؁C>9k7p G`ΊAS3Ki~_ĆG@9 RVH;窃kccN!;RرWMjNf!AHvsTP3 qx*PB:$n|@ϲ ٌx dlŽ/t; ͆Gm%Xa$EcBlawRrhلϮ1*0e,Xpu};O2_ }0xN  f|x2ɒ-u~ȏ$7&8e !Q{JGgc쐘)A!!76.cR p٠L\8ͯǫOx}!;L챶qã)Vl*U1v0a$N=6ytm\'evJtޜi iҗ MWsڽ#9Ɏȃ^4{&CvYccXsLےɲ|g|@ vGd9~fuIJAqsC 6gVwAWiؤJ >|Q\;Ѳ+%Xޠ[ggRH,kN3;z!tcg(y{iْ#c#; YSw;?2@..#jk2hlZvD'X>ު4DH]u@4bsT`Il+KEӤ>Jut;v?S/cZ_r* sUq1&ӡN|м;Q̉ ߴV0FU\,%&ΰ#k7.Ƥ9|jH$('S?YZt ]w: 3צOq$CNL5ח.Ne$d&SÍmY,73B~E tg6w ƱM]ӐZtyuF񩍵ʢB);fFgµСzZ1<0eCy2"kSV}**f:ot_cU7psrYQ[A)"L 8ٙ|5"j4m*WF9޹\q6؅˟S$p3*nK~$*Htdr_>}yC+ɫAP9!N6:$Kuxºi|:T»q:{yi#9#*}F{4BrόRꐝǝ˭suxn$˫56;Y 3:NdgJ1! v$1!M.Ų{egUcQP/v$]WC';` gCaeLV WH9;Uӻ1tdj<\N6n@մQtY;v W# ^,( %|S7:c5ᖃOw̸p TNcJM 4 ivEp%޻ah ;+;IƠKmN;''@ ˕vjPY,yv^; ;\!T umdǣyp&`)8 Ҳa1%-[Aw<}γ~8r|a v^dGOή (VmfXSZ,Pt;]ֲeT#:lu{јŎDJ^;}:ww8V>Cp;%9AŃ D7y9Ǝ ئXa{M/IeFGVp_ ݌Kdl/z<f>XӾm^-nr#S* A^{Ao[FFὍ4?8 2V|lA쬹TNl=qS;? k3}VMPx8H>qsY >k߱M3;dǫYn`cS>D8N,7a廳sgfɩIzu$ŸAU#ڸ>8]XU;[pEcxӼy M_N*#O+yn[O͖m,w4פiÂĒִ+NqMY%0a4BwvOX|N wZv{B%q`'㖭8/ݲ;Ru*>!1D}AӶ6ΏmX\1@8w| W'`kjNc=QJ63,޹KN2Bwx)T1lټZcb#ZQYϳy w6+qW 6;%;C`wOty~Ub!V{bhEls\1EjAYm]i}ԇ'%j ~CVaG2E&;/w*vְr賘|w.nmZ[G `gk3)=ǞX6L3~Q,~[Xخo$z] 0>r:Zan#T3 ;P[;",@cωq$FI^X=!C̆XїW1md}~cgP6\Q+{ >Lap yFΣl) 88c6Z6fn5^Wp;,Z<~'Gf::)P|s*x?иGGxҝXddcP/odEfJA}XVK;[/RQ$po +7?C~z~`MXWu>N3{(D5Ib'y0o| 0%:ziu/*;>zmWNl^^ke=Tb $Q|m6w$<}EQv2q!v~wFȑhHI9-مLJJQ/|b1fF$yyD?CO;p{~?sRƾTq9Uy| (Aa]DVw%;\5j{-J4$v&#; =x:S3t5G@痊S#RM฻N`Zuᱰ:zE`U5;YʾMl-vi`GMAc̶U[7@엷l#_G_aU#ٙgOбt;a" Bb.; ejMfM"~Unw4vfFe,&b":|ol_n籋xwiv0" h:=+vF5m ˶< 튡JҺe .IrxM6pV;y ;ѝzscOة,6x({è`[JB{?bl#yhR 1[`1 D5;0|c; v`'4ݬ ]*N u~!t N;a]"*9#=߉˭u+Uҁ33c_$Ƶf||sRXȁ,Y.-x[zim$۵$`*3!_{$yuZqyd̐@#cfA"^g-f2KStvp;+^{kcEQџy|A#1VϽ.v8j$(Xɰ2d2n P+ ܲMň:LesׂwSٱ ꌩ-{qIJ}X~l2C!+1tdcZ1>"ۼ-5:OQܢXOJ~iXsp.;~gf!t$tz-##qv`Fԡ"}zZ6DX&`>AԱ#Dtw<8_#CFj&EX:wRiيQ_ j;HCԖ:{ꜫa$ONgŲyGI֞Зl@,*qС0Ţ<qe EN~'әٺe<ѮYP<:`ǃVkƹAG9(:#:ЁR>8!N'v-^NzJvRVgQ~͞IfNDINv'_ǒ,^ ^'$~\W^k\TE=n=ڏ!x"; asYg:zVynw!f!Fy,PzlLyA #fB-ܿX_mD-uxK 2+iΛUYK~R~auu3;[a;9";4hܑl!#V9l6>.kf+(hY+;eیV#vܿX0mgûɈxqU숁K2 VpvE[ւ H$˅ v|~LJ7Aj'w;@G[ˉ l} JF߼:H6`5i#⸅:%;%uݎΓSDƎ: 1*$;V4&BC.mauXu1xhO`5`6;Y~g"H9;q;V~Gè ] ;b萝)3. A wkiW~'Dԍmi%ffTVoB~Gy?anRwtSo3;a'X-1:xȝW-!P֣ߣIy2/v67W>Z\ 8B8 8.5v@Z\(X\`s,xκן_;0W'7oT>g:˕Њ5iDFH)F1AVg$o@g5bB]eLγ8otDSϰ;6qt:D^#W Yx6EtF7V-!;]'6yc7vJfdkegqV3W4Iw]ǼiRy\!_#K;@aW}1Fl~źsvcQlٸ{!=~C<q=n$vlj@Me5;?;//T:qVrmxҼNiau偳`^1$i| N`ģ,03eKx[\G :la'Y);zޏG[:IIZFDP3Gu8zW-*3ZV־h1ЗЉ0_F ;?y1͓2ѣPڇc+#=??ڿC- >1>Ȟ/ձ'~t2A~9Ds`4:ˌ>-mlY «:W'fG0 ې'E'[/73<+shGaYOl, 7.XX*1[͎Fs+˦3=Nj@cv{9exx_~ї$L &iܰ]JTCl]aRK˦2qZ8ӭg:Иsm4f#O 3;qt4]^w~G"F˦V!G_;;2Ϣ%;kw(|\nwZ3'Nw%Wue,.ٹ=ydʻyJi4x19WhR]+nչ4Ѩ6{ % cp'yãD|`GX_`ӥ|i˦:uyP ZKȆG9|ޝo+-N786ȍq/+?<@}w;'7gk8wւ ~j;>cSA v}+ x(;ٲfQÊ5'ҕL?Ae `+)[G@Zv]^Uy7rfv ]K&:~=jv wp%]^GN; a~<ϯ*;~Z٧M#O ;M{:Ev.QsеNN:NغhBG9qvΓ_mMz0}?ը~Ά;wu#c%Ldb>;z{è1[&C,9j$ʷ"'O+-ՆC< 0Y$f]zUt:~L4NU y@&S⎃v5+4չe㺐kWz>y y)*y<f$C~  `e"w6f|I/Q pdZ|reԜA"~lXэ`ӕc#0_X8;ec鋰`Hy}7mM`Tjو[`rd\' H :U`!u癰ޚ=ts;@9l {=G*j1*̺hFV!gCyD= ޅ 7(-[Nx>I(OŰZA.<#w(;ٲ](fk܄YY []ZmG9G<|(#/ ρ"GƄC{ni.Du]&F4z.^i4dxh9G̝R5[ g1wJZlgk/UouRbfa[kҋ?#K\F+/IS%::.G894q^H Fh-zԁJʎ?K^zHN|>Y?rtd(i ]x6lQ^jLٲEGpFGvn#+BG уÁ"J=[Ȫ۱u DG u@m3ر Π{!H2(8lJ˖t5w; visw# ejlk [%Q?EC{~- 쓬oQvBX:јȽ7N.4*<}+Qkma;YMe@!EԮ-E:"'=*PƁmr*_nÈyD',N5;gj&Բ`ym',L$egv6}9x-bj&'^[q6Uґ~ChX.yl".uv rtb68;59WgA:l'n-dl؛7I@fg!r_D$;k_SuɈwjtpeIJp֗ԡۥk[6ID~,59wx 9:wJyNӲiٺ:'z5-JE11vekrdT2\CYXf)ǛB*Y2>ڰQ'݅7DM҅hjE@X$hDgP+% f0](>B/-\;TH>}2dw63}/ʼߡzCnҫ<2jl q[@坧/bչvjgOY;Dv6`͔[ Qa.N:8ӛ2k@ Oh@#1*RIlmj~Rx^~he_C²YIXL8k49waژ̚;3V 1(CLv*|1XZ4;4cTs "[F $0`ɘq]ujU**c|*v<g t`پw6aLv5]`'#+do\y,NxiEjd4J[Ebwd!(@MȎtGdGjoҲi~!*gWk76+,y]ڮѶf+-Vl%߅s# ?- )m~Ұ]fj03/uf/hsQf~l:,ۭ֡8M;vvAu,/LϨ&2<董!":M}pX&>au;R\k٬ltg}<3(;E IVþC4Ҿq.02oGcUUFY/N󋳰:H6;IWy;9mcKl#F!̠ +h>}%uN.NG瑆+7F vr[Fb3NDiTݜ"NlOx=:ٲe[u ؙ%2,`ًF_{tź~Yky\+erNٚ|Z- `V tev: cjjQl:Q}?Ѣ#Yz/lY=3nCߙb5"gi[8N~'?>rI.>H{gYĂK74H8mhkF1e9$.ѵgǎO<emMt r9oQU'afV~T;}}Qs 0t \NC?cRɎ)[F v}t9V<5б< x~>k_yc7ͧS]\GVtj&ػ;ǥWW͉e;Χ_ksy&YϘGxeࢯHy5^x6 v<7Oe9b'?lMjӭogmfc[5wŘf_wDi݅9?V1)4fK1fYϾ}fwvV~/ɯ_ò9y b[XO87iDl|h`'* *p6;bʐ;k]9)m뮫NC-l)]q5pO!fKQv0⩣߉xM.gV!<u>yk1̗2/#4zQӎidIhUé!9)bz%fF^JFy飼 3~++ٙ ׻[;e1V$-zmau1:Wm`ژU(J~ċ3;S[;b &ʡ寗vhpÚ䚝. ;"]%ގ fX#h3Xv)ri.NA'M^#V- E'ň[\O%ֽ2c۶9wsZש; G:iXv0m Tbٴ 1;Z({nܶ:_>$=3Y1f23r!,e٘q?&Ԏ )湝}]KGN%;J ,,A`B\U9s/kTL,gR٤TkWM|P}}gV\#'Q Gΐ`@':}*<ѹ ֞ToϽ]=Tl[#)ؙ(N(a> 铓6Hk-J=s=b'Z;5$Ng YOBvAuγr쬕xi7e vwrTP3lf cQ7ٶ)k;X!x˨c~9z'˶jWRӌXSNM`jb;w ;]GU?ur^;M 1`;G#Lwض -ν]չvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunչvW][nwunV.DDzIENDB``!;F~F>xڥMhAni+"4Z)AԋA9!4voAԂ'ڃ ~h cHqnK>7$aTEտ[e1N=t]lIoK'"AjPHMҗkJbuŲV^pH7?O12$/^=<|J݂O m''0Ay9k SƓҭ@M{ՙYpՔm=Gҙ5ޤ_ xu4y?e[wksk{T^v̋y2[T lM_@wzQo 8׹`dg_>yWOQ}f;.=-Yz[O<$"uDzyy <>Qqk#Wz)Gw<K]Ǻ f]:> fXZ5Pk ( C ^y:  3 A As  0Z_ж_ж  m ]Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Institute for Data-Processing and Electronics Eggenstein, GERMANY8> f]B> f^Z5Pk ( C ^y<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 @\(     N,'u_ж_ж `@  u nZ5Pk ( C ^yLB  c $Df$0  0x;u_ж_ж UY@  dAim:  breast cancer is the most frequent cancer of women  for a successful therapy it is crucial to detect the tumor before external metastases occur  high-quality ultrasound imaging in breast cancer diagnosis8. f]. f\ )D_z 7Rm<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 P(     NdHu_ж_ж `@  u nZ5Pk ( C ^yLB  c $Df$0  0,\u_ж_ж UY@- Why ultrasound transmission tomography?  classical B-mode ultrasonic imaging  low spatial resolution  low contrast  speckles  ultrasound transmission tomography imaging  scanning from more directions  more information / data available  more complicated acquisition and signal processing  requires more computational power8). f]G. f(H\ )D_z 7Rm<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 `j(     Nhu_ж_ж `@  u nZ5Pk ( C ^yLB  c $Df$0  0ou_ж_ж Y@  rImaged parameter  ultrasound attenuation coefficient  closely related to tissue type and pathology  needed for correction of a reflectivity imaging alg. Need for testing data  for development of image reconstruction methods  testing data required with precisely known geometrical and physical parameters of the measurement setupJ. f]D. f\ l (C ^ y 6Qll<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 pe(     Nu_ж_ж `@  u nZ5Pk ( C ^yLB  c $Df$0   0rZ_ж_ж  = Emitting transducer. f]Z5Pk ( C ^yL2  c $$ts _ L2  c $ *?=   0u_ж_ж F wV One of receiving transducers. f]Z5Pk ( C ^yFB @ S Dc?~ FB  S Dc?u6S8  b    b B   3 A c NB   S D$c d Z NB   S D$c `   0u_ж_ж    s(t). f]Z5Pk ( C ^y  0u_ж_ж zW t. f]Z5Pk ( C ^y8 G GZ"  s *G1$ J  BCDEF$11E6Mf_ozJ0}ug_VB*8~CU'+^U /`OkR }6^Dicc@H8 ht  th Z"  s *G$ iu   BCDEF$++9b8vX6}Yl.  + ; C I = ; u  { 0%  DwqJV(WW@it 8  Z"  s *G$ X  (BCDEF$;;}~dIy*qe_U.@% G  r | 2G   Ex : A K&  ^ H  " - uE b:ww Ky0Kcx ww@t  0t _ж_ж   !RF signal measured at transducer:". f]"Z5Pk ( C ^y  0t _ж_ж ]  *~ each time one transducer in the emitter mode, all other transducers record the received RF signals  omnidirectional ultrasound wave  all combinations of sending and receiving elements.;. f]. fZ5Pk ( C ^y<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +,  0L0 ;3 (   LB  c $Df$0  0&t _ж_ж  Y :  object modeled as a distribution of point scatterers  resulting RF signals => sum of directly transmitted wave and waves scattered at each scatterer  1000 scatterers per image (initially).8. f]. fZ5Pk ( C ^y   N\6t _ж_ж `@  t  nZ5Pk ( C ^yLB  c $Df$08 `?  `?N"   S GK `@&   6Et _ж_ж `@ 3. Model of Synthetic Data > f]Z5Pk ( C ^y:  3 A:  FB  S D$I  OFB  S D$   0Pt _ж_ж  !  s(t). f]Z5Pk ( C ^y  0\t _ж_ж X t. f]Z5Pk ( C ^y   0it _ж_ж { sending transducer0. f] . fZ5Pk ( C ^y  0ut _ж_ж & receiving transducer. f]Z5Pk ( C ^yL2  c $$D2 L2  c $ *  FB  @ S D$zL 1 FB  S D$UFB  S D$DixFB  @ S D$y^2  6$y6^2  6$x5^2  6$|0y@B  C Dv<  c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 #  $ (  $ $0 3 r0e0eA ? ?"` 7   t LB $ c $Df$08 g? $g?N" $ S GK g@& $ 6t _ж_ж g@ 3. Model of Synthetic Data > f]Z5Pk ( C ^yFB  $ S D$   IFB  $@ S D$]z z   $ 0t _ж_ж zg number of scatterers .0 f]Z5Pk ( C ^y;  $ 0t _ж_ж 2B+, =intensity decrease due to distance from emitter and scatterer >.0 f]>Z5Pk ( C ^yFB  $@ S D$@ @  $ 0`t _ж_ж ]  ^spectrum of the emitted pulse, transducers transfer function (omnidirectional transmitted beam) a.0 f]aZ5Pk ( C ^yFB $ S D$   V   $ 0pt _ж_ж `  "scattering crossection (symmetric) #.0 f]#Z5Pk ( C ^yFB $ S D$pqZ FB $ S D$M4 , $ 0Pt _ж_ж 79 .spectrum of the recorded radiofrequency signal /.0 f]/Z5Pk ( C ^y@ $ 0t _ж_ж l  & Btissue transfer func. (attenuation, delay due to wave propagation) C.0 f]CZ5Pk ( C ^y< $ c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B + 0L0 -(0(  ( ,(0 3 r0e0eA  ? ?"`   t FB ( S D$ 0 ) ( 0t _ж_ж    +attenuation along the wave propagation path ,.0 f],Z5Pk ( C ^yFB (@ S D$   LB ( c $Df$08 `? (`?N"  ( S GK `@&  ( 6t _ж_ж `@ 3. Model of Synthetic Data > f]Z5Pk ( C ^y:  ( 0y _ж_ж   <  <delay due to wave propagation (constant speed of ultrasound) =.0 f]=Z5Pk ( C ^y:  ( 3 A` %    ( 0hy _ж_ж = sending transducer0. f] . fZ5Pk ( C ^y ( 0y _ж_ж   receiving transducer. f]Z5Pk ( C ^yL2 ( c $$D\L2 ( c $ *  ( 0(y _ж_ж | l1*. f] Z5Pk ( C ^yFB (@ S D$zFB ( S D$FB ( S D$D+:FB (@ S D$;^2 ( 6$;6^2 ( 6$:5^2 ( 6$|;p8 m? y (?m yHB ( C D$k9zHB ( C D$m;HB ( C D$8@ ?  (? HB ( C D$HB ( C D$rHB  ( C D$> tp8 4D !(4DHB "(B C D$.EHB #( C D$FHB $(B C D$n(8@ 4y' %(4y'HB &( C D$oy)HB '( C D$4{HB (( C D$4>  )( 0;y _ж_ж  l2*. f] Z5Pk ( C ^yM *( 0Iy _ж_ж   +modeled attenuation coefficient map b(x,y):D,. f]$Z5Pk ( C ^y< +( c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 ,(  ,@B , C D$0 ,  Ndy _ж_ж }mM  y  nZ5Pk ( C ^y ,  NSy _ж_ж z  y  jV4Oj ' B ]x< , c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +   0L0  0|(  0@B 0 C D$0 0  NHy _ж_ж }mM  y  nZ5Pk ( C ^y 0 0ly _ж_ж 1J Q Need for parallelisation . f]Z5Pk ( C ^y 0  Ny _ж_ж  y  jV4Oj ' B ]x* 0 0$y _ж_ж   .Possibilities of the efficient parallelisation/. f]/Z5Pk ( C ^y8  l 0 lN" 0 S G  i 0 0,y _ж_ж  m the partial computations of particular combinations of sending and receiving transducers are independent and need not be evaluated sequentially this gives a good chance for efficient parallelisation in a distributed environment2/0 f]T/ fX 4Oj ' B ]x<  0 c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +B   0L0 QI4(  4@B 4 C D$0 4  Nлy _ж_ж }mM  y  nZ5Pk ( C ^y 4 08y _ж_ж 1Q Distributed environment. f]Z5Pk ( C ^y 4  Nly _ж_ж 8  y  jV4Oj ' B ]xF" 4 S G  i 4 0py _ж_ж  .   Resources ( . f] Z5Pk ( C ^y 4 0Xy _ж_ж    x homogeneous clusters offered by MetaCentrum located in Brno, Prague and PlzeH (free for academic research)p/ f]pZ5Pk ( C ^y< 4 c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +h   0L0 wo8(  8@B 8 C D$0 8  N(BZ_ж_ж }mM  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^y 8 0~ _ж_ж   Parallel Implementation Concept . f] Z5Pk ( C ^y 8  NX&~ _ж_ж t8  ~  jV4Oj ' B ]xF" 8 S G  i 8 0P0~ _ж_ж  <r  to combine the two parts we used MEX routines which enables the Matlab code to be executed directly from C code in the current version MPI is used only for creating the communication world, identification of each process and final@>/ ]6. }/ Z5Pk ( C ^y< 8 c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +   0L0 </(  <@B < C D$0 <  NA~ _ж_ж @  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^y < 0G~ _ж_ж N Parallel Implementation. f]Z5Pk ( C ^yF" < S G  i: < 3 AH< < c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +t   0L0 {@(  @@B @ C D$0 @  NX~ _ж_ж }mM  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^yF" @ S G  i: @ 3 A ~ : : @ 3 Af q @ 0_~ _ж_ж 6 6  eImage of regions with different attenuation coefficients (input for generation of synthetic RF data).:. f],. ffZ5Pk ( C ^yH @ 0u~ _ж_ж 6 "  NReconstructed image (log-spectral differences, directly transmitted beam only)O. f]OZ5Pk ( C ^y< @ c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +w  0L0 ~D"(  D@B D C D$0 D  N~ _ж_ж }mM  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^y@ D 0ܑ~ _ж_ж h> DParallel Implementation  Results#. f]#Z5Pk ( C ^y D  Nė~ _ж_ж 8  ~  jV4Oj ' B ]xF" D S G  i< D c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +/  0L0 >6 H(  H@B H C D$0 H  Nt~ _ж_ж }mM  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^y H  N~ _ж_ж j8 ~  jV4Oj ' B ]xF" H S G  i< H c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 0L0(  L< L c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B +  0L0 @PL(  P@B P C D$0 P  NqZ_ж_ж }mM  ~  nZ5Pk ( C ^y P 0~ _ж_ж 1b Q Distributed programming . f]Z5Pk ( C ^y P  N\}Z_ж_ж 8 ~  jV4Oj ' B ]xF" P S G  iM P 0~ _ж_ж G  S several implementation of the MPI standard are available (LAM, MPICH, MPIPRO etc.)T/ f]TZ5Pk ( C ^y< P c $޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D='  = @B + 0 PT&(  T^ T S  ?   Z T S Z  @  Z "B T s *޽h ? ̙33 0 `X&(  X^ X S  ?    X S 8   @   "B X s *޽h ? ̙33 0 p\&(  \^ \ S  ?    \ S 8׳ .z4( h-kcX -X*IRj]E Daf{ nSJ]h,;a!kTy\|Vl: ' Yr23ͥ 1\N;h襼Xa-Y#w{HďyܥBX cuvo1,oOw_Oq%mUZfq#Oe粩\t|v~*DXȓ l7 V +|2[#0+_^=O_GULƗ$hx3:BYW.Vec?h} MtNxcb쐯]5" >} y?fӗvH6׼~M?Ԫ4‡伣zV=$碱BX635u3kt$Ĥ?NK\nux<,&n;mY߶n淩+sLfvZe&bD "-IcX @.nv,ִA/h"A14h|EBoDs;]vq]K=33;w5|xf5Ƞ!X e{2SBG^,#E{!?(Xp_*PkQ=B]w4Wz !N742 䕠Dy""2'ۉя%0:dR)=? */ѣOKOkFc30JSGMī+цkcc'xpjmԲa3azL(KԄ55] g3(85~4߯ #r2Ai׆l[ bwl̿CLg貆YF>?G"rV%oԘg*7wԯfNOr)@eɫ dm{ON2'0 ;~7zuQؓ07mFM5W}4ф_g"v|vw:ݓynd#rhJ55ZJnvc3JCgҗ?.s{Hy"?< t| $p3 кIKɷl? l~ ;̸gڵG7CvQƤn_uCѱP$ M {wF?&[JWmBtE,G>'t4[+߈YZ{n;zqmGP)rѤI?䡀x)?@ACDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesKCurrent UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(BDocumentSummaryInformation8Root EntrydO)0ҙPicturesKCurrent UserDSummaryInformation($_ ~ prednasejiciprednasejici