0597828 20250324081025.820240902235959.9 85203081831 001308042700002 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690 10 s. P cav_un_epca*00854171025-496X29Eurosurveillance COVID-19 immunity time-dependent waning cav_un_auth*0101206 Šmíd Martin UTIA-B Matematická teorie rozhodování Department of Decision Making Theory MTR MTR Department of Econometrics 11 Ústav teorie informace a automatizace AV ČR, v. v. i. cav_un_auth*0472990 Barusová T. SK cav_un_auth*0015207 Jarkovský J. CZ cav_un_auth*0265570 Májek O. CZ cav_un_auth*0471875 Pavlík T. CZ cav_un_auth*0318938 Přibylová L. CZ cav_un_auth*0471876 Weinerová J. GB cav_un_auth*0237467 Zajíček Milan UTIA-B Výpočetní Středisko Computer Centre VS VS Department of Image Processing CZ Ústav teorie informace a automatizace AV ČR, v. v. i. cav_un_auth*0091778 Trnka J. CZ K https://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2024/E/smid-0597828.pdf https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.35.2300690 101063853 European Horizon MSCA XE cav_un_auth*0471878 MUNI/A/1132/2022 GA MUNI CZ cav_un_auth*0471879 GF22-10878K GA ČR CZ cav_un_auth*0472988 Protective effects of immunity against COVID-19 have been shown to diminish over time at varying speed depending on the source of immunity (infection, vaccination or a combination of both), viral variant, age and other factors. Using national-level data from Czechia, we here wanted to assess the protection afforded by vaccines and/or previous infection against severe COVID requiring oxygen support or long COVID up to 16 August 2023. Protection provided by the original vaccination series wanes fast but can be prolonged through the administration of booster doses, especially with the updated bivalent mRNA vaccines. Immunity after infection or hybrid immunity (from infection and vaccination) provided significantly better protection, waning more slowly over time. The protective effect of vaccines on the development of long COVID in the infected population was small. Vaccination against COVID-19 remains an effective strategy to prevent a severe course of this illness but recent booster doses are required for a significant protection. Since hybrid immunity provides the strongest protection against severe cases, vaccination can be recommended even to individuals who have recovered from the disease. The protective effect of vaccination against long COVID, once infected, appears small. WOS BB 10000 10100 10102 2025 9 RVO:67985556 https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0356110 S 2300690 A INFECTIOUSDISEASES 6.7 3.2 4.7 0.0187 2.359 12027 137 2.331 23.84 6 4035 Q1 7.500 204 Q1 96 2.69 Q1 96 2024 85203081831 SCOPUS PUBMED 001308042700002 WOS cav_un_epca*0085417 Eurosurveillance Roč. 29 č. 35 2024 1025-496X 1560-7917 Eurosurveillance